This is for BECE Candidates looking for Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education. The Civic Education paper is compulsory for all candidates regardless of their school. So, here you will get genuine Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers for Civic Education. Your duty now is to read through them as many times as possible and get ready to smash your forthcoming paper. Remember to use the comments sections if you have questions, and don’t forget to join our Free Online Tutorial Classes on Facebook. (Like and Follow Page)
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What are Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education?
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education are the questions you should expect in your Civic Education paper in 2025 BECE, together with their answers.
It is very important that every candidate preparing to sit for Civic Education in the forthcoming 2025 BECE examination should catch a glimpse of these questions.
In so doing, they will know what to expect in the exam hall. Knowing exactly what to expect will boost their confidence and guarantee them a very high score.
Junior WAEC 2025 Civic Education Questions and Answers Revealed!
On this page, we shall reveal Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers for all candidates taking the Civic Education paper.
How lucky you are to stumble upon this important page!
The questions are genuine and the answers are accurate, and all are a product of our burning passion to see you excel in your BECE and proceed to Senior Secondary School.
In the following sections, you will read the Civic Education questions you are to expect in your 2025 Junior WAEC exam as well as their answers. You can use the comments section if you still need clarification over some of the questions. We will give you a more detailed explanation.
BECE is a very serious and important examination. You will answer 60 questions in BECE Civic Education 2025 within 2 hours. So it’s important that you pay attention to the information revealed on this page.
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education [Numbers 1 – 10]
1. Democracy originated from
A. America B. Egypt
C. England D. France
E. Greece
2. The agency responsible for investigating complaints about crime in Nigeria is the
A. Air Force B. Army
C. Custom D. Police
E. Road Safety
3. A bad attitude to work leads to
A. demotion B. efficiency
C. motivation D. prosecution
E. recognition
4. The money demanded for the release of a kidnapped victim is
A. bail B. fine C. levy
D. price E. ransom
5. The administrative head of a federal ministry in Nigeria is the
A. chairman, board affairs
B. director of finance
C. director of personnel
D. honourable minister
E. permanent secretary
6. Which of the following is a hindrance to interpersonal relationship?
A. Caring B. Greed C. Honesty
D. Patience E. Tolerance
7. A temporary shelter for people displaced during war is
A. correctional centre
B. orphanage home
C. police station
D. refugee camp
E. rehabilitation centre
8. Laws made by state governments are termed
A. act B. constitution
C. decree D. edict
E. plebiscite
9. Disenfranchisement is a denial of one’s right to
A. life B. movement
C. speech D. vote
E. worship
10. The following are sources of a constitution except
A. act of parliament
B. convention
C. custom
D. National Values Education
E. police report
Answers to Question Number 1 – 10
1.E 2.D 3.A 4.E 5.E
6.B 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.D
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education [Numbers 11 – 20]
11. Nonchalant attitude in our society can lead to
A. co-operation and team work
B. good reputation
C. personnel development
D. self-reliance
E. value disorientation
12. To avoid crime, individuals are expected to do the following except
A. have value for hard work
B. indulge in illicit drugs
C. manage personal finances
D. manage their emotions
E. realize that everything comes with a cost
13. Awareness and understanding of events happening in one’s country defines national
A. consciousness B. identity
C. orientation D. security
E. values
14. The power to give orders and enforce obedience is
A. authority B. dictatorship
C. duties D. influence
E. threats
15. A crime that poses the most serious security threat in schools is
A. betting B. cultism
C. gambling D. lateness
E. truancy
16. Which of the following occurrences attracts emergency response in Nigeria?
A. Fire outbreak B. Hail storm
C. Monsoon D. Moon eclipse
E. Rainfall
17. The agency saddled with responsibility of conducting census in Nigeria is the
A. Bureau for Public Enterprises
B. Federal Character Commission
C. Independent National Electoral Commission
D. National Population Commission
E. Public Complaints Commission
18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a federation?
A. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution
B. Functions of federal, state and local governments are constitutional
C. Local government councils control the activities of the states
D. Sharing of power between state and the centre
E. States have defined control over their affairs
19. The right to …………… is most fundamental to a citizen
A. association B. expression
C. life D. movement
E. worship
20. The 2023 presidential election in Nigeria was won by the
A. All Nigerian People’s Party
B. All People’s Grand Alliance
C. All Progressive Congress
D. People’s Democratic Party
E. Progressive People’s Alliance
Answers to Question Number 11 – 20
11.E 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.B
16.A 17.D 18.C 19.C 20.C
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education [Numbers 21 – 30]
21. The first tier of government in Nigeria is the ……………. government
A. federal B. local
C. regional D. senatorial
E. state
22. Our society frowns at
A. cooperation B. honesty
C. justice D. loyalty
E. selfishness
23. The love an individual has for his/her country is
A. belief B. integrity
C. nationalism D. patriotism
E. trust
24. The art of working together in order to achieve a common goal is
A. companionship B. compassion
C. competition D. cooperation
E. partnership
25. A constitution that is difficult to amend can be described as
A. democratic B. flexible
C. rigid D. unitary
E. unwritten
26. The Nigerian constitution allows an elected president to serve a maximum of ………….. terms in office
A. eight B. five C. four
D. three E. two
27. The agency responsible for curbing the activities of smugglers in Nigeria is the
A. Department of State Services
B. Federal Road Safety Corps
C. Nigeria Custom Service
D. Nigeria Immigration Service
E. Nigeria Police Force
28. Which of the following is a positive behaviour?
A. Disregard for safety
B. Examination malpractice
C. Excessive love for money
D. Punctuality to work
E. Queue jumping
29. Which of the following cities is a major commercial hub in Nigeria?
A. Abuja B. Kaduna C. Lagos
D. Owerri E. Yenegoa
30. An individual who lacks contentment exhibits
A. discipline B. eagerness
C. gratitude D. hard work
E. tolerance
Answers to Question Number 21 – 30
21.A 22.E 23.D 24.D 25.C
26.E 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.E
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education [Numbers 31 – 40]
31. A student who is not regular at school displays
A. concentration B. discipline
C. hard work D. punctuality
E. truancy
32. Positive behaviour is best promoted through
A. agitation B. confrontation
C. favouritism D. isolation
E. reward
33. The …………. naira note is the highest denomination of the Nigeria currencies
A. fifty
B. five hundred
C. one hundred
D. one thousand
E. two hundred
34. The highest position in the lower legislative chamber of Nigeria is the
A. Chief Whip
B. Clerk
C. Majority Leader
D. Minority Leader
E. Speaker
35. The Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps became a statutory agency during the regime of
A. Abdulsalami Abubakar
B. Goodluck Jonathan
C. Muhammadu Buhari
D. Olusegun Obasanjo
E. Umaru Yar’adua
36. Citizenship refers to the status of being a member of a particular
A. constituent B. country
C. district D. race
E. region
37. The minimum voting age in Nigeria is …………… years.
A. 14 B. 18 C. 21
D. 25 E. 35
38. Nigeria is made up of ……………… local government councils.
A. 36 B. 37 C. 109
D. 360 E. 774
39. The art of loving one’s country and defending its values is
A. commitment B. dignity
C. nationalism D. patriotism
E. tolerance
40. National values refer to ……………. in the society.
A. norms and regulations of
B. orientation programmes
C. political ideologies
D. traditional practices
E. traditional titles
Answers to Question Number 31 – 40
31.E 32.E 33.D 34.E 35.D
36.B 37.B 38.E 39.D 40.A
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education [Numbers 41 – 50]
41. Convicted persons are usually held in the custody of the Nigeria
A. Army
B. Correctional Service
C. Custom Service
D. Immigration Service
E. Police Force
42. The origin of constitutional development in Nigeria can be traced to………….. period.
A. civil war B. colonial
C. military D. pre-historic
E. slave trade
43. Residual powers under the Nigerian Independence constitution were exercised by the …………. level.
A. federal B. local C. regional
D. state E. ward
44. Citizens can be discouraged from acquiring education when the government
A. builds schools in remote areas
B. declares free education at all levels
C. encourages reading culture
D. increases fees at all levels
E. makes education compulsory
45. The act of abducting an individual in exchange for money is
A. arson B. banditry
C. cultism D. kidnapping
E. vandalism
46. The Nigeria flag is displayed at important public places as a sign of
A. defence B. independence
C. partisanship D. patriotism
E. war
47. The first cult group in Nigeria was in the University of
A. Abuja B. Benin C. Calabar
D. Ibadan E. Lagos
48. Zebra crossing on the road is meant to be used by
A. cars B. lorries
C. motorbikes D. pedestrians
E. tricycles
49. The National Pledge of Nigeria is a/an
A. anthem
B. constitution
C. mission statement
D. oath of allegiance
E. slogans
50. Approval of national budget is the responsibility of the
A. Attorney General
B. Legislators
C. Ministers
D. Permanent secretaries
E. President
Answers to Question Number 41 – 50
41.B 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.D
46.D 47.B 48.D 49.D 50.B
Junior WAEC 2025 Questions and Answers Civic Education [Numbers 51 – 60]
51. Citizenship can be acquired through
A. declaration
B. legislation
C. nationalisation
D. pronouncement
E. registration
52. Governorship elections come up in Nigeria every …………..years.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5
D. 6 E. 8
53. The head of the Supreme Court in Nigeria is the
A. Chief Executive
B. Chief Justice
C. Chief Whip
D. Magistrate
E. Register
54. The Nigeria symbol that contains an eagle and horses among others is the
A. Coat of Arms
B. National Anthem
C. National Flag
D. National Pledge
E. Nigeria Constitution
55. Nigeria became a republic of 36 states in
A. 1967 B. 1976 C. 1989
D. 1991 E. 1996
56. In a foreign country, a Nigerian has to present ………….. to show his/her origin.
A. driving licence
B. international passport
C. national identity card
D. national passport
E. voter’s card
57. A governmental agency that takes care of disaster victims in Nigeria is the
A. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control
B. National Emergency Management Agency
C. National Metrological Agency
D. Nigeria Police Force
E. Nigeria Airspace Management Agency
58. The agency established by government to promote unity is the
A. Federal Character Commission
B. National Emergency Management Agency
C. National Orientation Agency
D. National Population Commission
Ε. Standards Organisation of Nigeria
59. Voting during elections is a demonstration of ………….. right.
A. civic B. cultural
C. economic D. religious
E. social
60. The last military Head of State in Nigeria was General
A. Abdulsalami Abubakar
B. Ibrahim Babangida
C. Murtala Mohammed
D. Olusegun Obasanjo
E. Sani Abacha
Answers to Question Number 51 – 60
51.E 52.C 53.B 54.A 55.B
56.B 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.A
SECTION B- ESSAY
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer any three (3) questions from this section.
1. (a) Define the term “citizenship”.
(b) Explain four (4) ways by which a person can become a citizen of Nigeria.
2. (a) What is a constitution?
(b) State and explain four (4) reasons why a constitution is important for the development of a country like Nigeria.
3. (a) List five (5) fundamental human rights as enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution.
(b) Discuss any two (2) limitations to the enjoyment of these fundamental human rights in Nigeria.
4. (a) Outline five (5) responsibilities of a good citizen towards the government of Nigeria.
(b) Briefly explain two (2) consequences of neglecting these responsibilities.
5. (a) Identify and explain the three (3) arms of government in Nigeria.
(b) State two (2) functions performed by each of the arms of government you have identified in (a) above.
6. (a) Define the term “rule of law”.
(b) Explain four (4) reasons why the rule of law is essential for maintaining peace and order in a democratic society.
Answers to Section B (Essay) Questions of Junior WAEC 2025 Civic Education
1. (a) Define the term “citizenship”.
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law of a sovereign state as a member of or belonging to the state.1 It signifies a legal relationship between an individual and a state, granting the individual certain rights and imposing certain duties. A citizen owes allegiance to the state and in turn is entitled to its protection.
(b) Explain four (4) ways by which a person can become a citizen of Nigeria.
A person can become a citizen of Nigeria through the following ways, as stipulated in the Nigerian Constitution:
- Birth (Citizenship by Descent): A person born in Nigeria before the date of independence (October 1, 1960) is a citizen of Nigeria if at least one of their parents or grandparents was born in Nigeria. Similarly, a person born outside Nigeria after the date of independence is a citizen by descent if either of their parents is a citizen of Nigeria.
- Registration: Certain categories of individuals can become Nigerian citizens through registration. This typically applies to foreign women who are married to Nigerian citizens, provided they meet certain conditions stipulated by the law, such as demonstrating good character and taking an oath of allegiance.
- Naturalization: Foreign nationals who have resided legally in Nigeria for a specified period (usually fifteen years), are of good character, intend to reside permanently in Nigeria, and have demonstrated a willingness to assimilate into the Nigerian way of life can apply for citizenship by naturalization after fulfilling all the legal requirements, including taking an oath of allegiance.
- By Special Grant: The President of Nigeria has the discretionary power to grant Nigerian citizenship to any person deemed deserving of such privilege. This is usually done in recognition of exceptional contributions made to the country.
2. (a) What is a constitution?
A constitution is the fundamental and supreme law of a country. It is a body of rules and principles according to which a state is organized and governed. Ît outlines the structure of the government, the distribution of powers among its different organs, the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, and the relationship between the state and its citizens. It serves as the bedrock upon which all other laws are based.
(b) State and explain four (4) reasons why a constitution is important for the development of a country like Nigeria.
A constitution is crucial for the development of a country like Nigeria for several reasons:
- Establishes a Framework for Governance: The constitution defines the structure of the government, outlining the functions and powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This provides a clear framework for how the country is to be governed, promoting stability and order. Without a constitution, there would be no clear rules for how decisions are made and implemented, potentially leading to chaos and arbitrary rule.
- Guarantees Fundamental Rights and Freedoms: A constitution typically enshrines the fundamental human rights of citizens, such as the right to life, liberty, freedom of expression, and freedom from discrimination. By protecting these rights, the constitution ensures that the government respects the dignity and worth of its citizens, fostering a society where individuals can thrive and contribute to national development without fear of oppression.
- Limits Government Power and Prevents Tyranny: The constitution acts as a check on the powers of the government. By clearly defining the limits of governmental authority and establishing a system of checks and balances among the different arms of government, it prevents the concentration of excessive power in one entity and safeguards against authoritarianism and abuse of power. This ensures that governance is accountable and serves the interests of the people.
- Promotes National Unity and Integration: In a diverse country like Nigeria with numerous ethnic, religious, and cultural groups, the constitution can serve as a unifying document by establishing shared values, principles, and goals. It provides a common framework for citizenship, rights, and responsibilities, fostering a sense of national identity and belonging, which is essential for social cohesion and national development.
3. (a) List five (5) fundamental human rights as enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution.
The Nigerian Constitution enshrines several fundamental human rights. Here are five of them:
- Right to life
- Right to dignity of human person
- Rïght to personal liberty
- Right to fair hearing
- Right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
(b) Discuss any two (2) limitations to the enjoyment of these fundamental human rights in Nigeria.
While the Nigerian Constitution guarantees fundamental human rights, their enjoyment is subject to certain limitations:
- Public Safety and Order: The constitution recognizes that in certain circumstances, the exercise of individual rights may need to be restricted in the interest of public safety, public order, public health, or morality, or for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons. For example, the right to freedom of assembly can be restricted if there is a clear and present danger of violence or a breach of peace. Similarly, during a declared state of emergency, certain rights may be temporarily suspended or curtailed to restore order.
- Laws Reasonably Justifiable in a Democratic Society: The constitution often allows for the enactment of laws that may limit the enjoyment of certain rights, provided that such laws are reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. This means that any limitation must be proportionate to the legitimate aim being pursued and must not be arbitrary or excessive. For instance, laws prohibiting hate speech may be seen as a justifiable limitation on freedom of expression in order to protect the rights and dignity of other groups and prevent social unrest.
4. (a) Outline five (5) responsibilities of a good citizen towards the government of Nigeria.
A good citizen has several responsibilities towards the government of Nigeria, including:
- Obeying the Laws of the Land: Respecting and adhering to the laws and regulations enacted by the government at all levels.
- Paying Taxes Promptly: Contributing to the revenue of the government through the payment of taxes as and when due, to enable the government to provide essential services.
- Participating in the Democratic Process: Exercising civic duties such as registering to vote, voting in elections, and engaging in political discourse.
- Respecting Government Institutions and Symbols: Showing due respect for government agencies, officials, and national symbols like the flag and the national anthem.
- Reporting Crimes and Corrupt Practices: Assisting in the maintenance of law and order by reporting any criminal activities or instances of corruption to the appropriate authorities.
(b) Briefly explain two (2) consequences of neglecting these responsibilities.
Neglecting these responsibilities can lead to significant negative consequences:
- Breakdown of Law and Order: If citizens disregard laws and refuse to cooperate with law enforcement agencies, it can lead to increased crime rates, social unrest, and a general breakdown of law and order. This creates an unsafe and unstable environment that hinders development and affects the well-being of all citizens.
- Hindrance of National Development: Failure to pay taxes deprives the government of the necessary funds to provide essential public services such as education, healthcare, infrastructure, and security. Similarly, apathy towards civic duties like voting can lead to the election of incompetent or corrupt leaders, further hindering national progress and development.
5. (a) Identify and explain the three (3) arms of government in Nigeria.
The three arms of government in Nigeria, based on the principle of separation of powers, are:
- The Legislature (National Assembly): This is the law-making body of the government. It is bicameral in Nigeria, consisting of the Senate (upper chamber) and the House of Representatives (lower chamber). The legislature is responsible for debating, amending, and passing laws (Acts of Parliament) that govern the country. It also has oversight functions over the executive arm and can hold government accountable.
- The Executive (President and Federal Ministries/Agencies): This arm is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws passed by the legislature. At the federal level, the executive is headed by the President, who is the Head of State and Head of Government. The President oversees the various ministries, departments, and agencies that carry out the day-to-day functions of the government.
- The Judiciary (Courts of Law): This arm is responsible for interpreting the laws of the country and resolving disputes. It consists of a hierarchy of courts, from the Supreme Court at the apex down to various lower courts. The judiciary ensures that laws are applied fairly and impartially, protects the rights of citizens, and holds both individuals and the government accountable under the law.
(b) State two (2) functions performed by each of the arms of government you have identified in (a) above.
The Legislature (National Assembly):
- Law-making: To debate, amend, and pass bills into laws (Acts of Parliament) for the peace, order, and good governance of the federation.
- Oversight: To scrutinize the activities of the executive arm of government, including budget implementation and policy execution.
The Executive (President and Federal Ministries/Agencies):
- Policy Implementation: To formulate and implement government policies and programs aimed at achieving national objectives.
- Enforcement of Laws: To ensure that the laws passed by the legislature are obeyed and enforced throughout the country.
The Judiciary (Courts of Law):
- Interpretation of Laws: To interpret the provisions of the constitution and other laws when disputes arise.
- Adjudication of Disputes: To settle legal disputes between individuals, between individuals and the government, and between different levels of government.
6. (a) Define the term “rule of law”.
The rule of law is a fundamental principle of governance which states that all people and institutions within a country, including the government itself, are subject to and accountable under the law that is fairly applied and enforced. It implies that no one is above the law, and that the law should be applied equally to all citizens, regardless of their status or position.
(b) Explain four (4) reasons why the rule of law is essential for maintaining peace and order in a democratic society.
The rule of law is crucial for maintaining peace and order in a democratic society for the following reasons:
- Ensures Equality Before the Law: The rule of law guarantees that all individuals are treated equally under the law, without fear or favor. This principle of equality fosters a sense of justice and fairness, reducing grievances and the likelihood of social unrest and conflict. When people believe that the legal system is impartial, they are more likely to respect and abide by the law.
- Provides Predictability and Stability: By establishing clear and consistent legal frameworks, the rule of law creates a predictable environment for individuals and businesses. People can understand their rights and obligations, and they can rely on the law to be applied consistently. This predictability fosters stability, encourages investment, and reduces uncertainty, contributing to a peaceful and orderly society.
- Limits Arbitrary Exercise of Power: The rule of law acts as a check on the powers of the government and its officials. It ensures that governmental actions are based on established laws and procedures, rather than on the arbitrary whims or personal interests of those in power. This prevents abuse of authority, protects individual liberties, and promotes accountability, thereby reducing the potential for conflict and maintaining peace.
- Provides Mechanisms for Conflict Resolution: A robust rule of law provides established legal institutions and procedures for resolving disputes peacefully and fairly. Courts and tribunals offer a platform for individuals and groups to address grievances and seek redress according to the law. This reduces the likelihood of resorting to violence or other extra-legal means of settling disagreements, thereby contributing to a more peaceful and orderly society.
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