This is for UTME Candidates looking for JAMB Biology Questions and Answers 2026. Especially for those aspiring for Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing and other Health Science courses requiring Biology. Here you will get genuine Biology JAMB questions and answers for 2026. Your duty now is to read through them as many times as possible and get ready to smash your Biology paper. Remember to use the comments sections if you have questions, and don’t forget to join our Free Online Tutorial Classes on YouTube. (Subscribe to the Channel)
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JAMB Biology Questions and Answers 2026
The following JAMB Biology Questions and Answers 2026 are the questions you should expect in your Biology paper in 2026 UTME, together with their answers. You can click on the answer keys to get explanations.
UTME Biology Examination 2026
Instructions: Select the correct option for each question. Click the button below each question to reveal the answer and explanation.
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms?
Explanation: All living organisms exhibit irritability or response to stimuli, a key characteristic distinguishing them from non-living things. Tip: Recall the seven characteristics of life: movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition (MRS GREN).
2. The process by which green plants manufacture food is
Explanation: Photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy using CO2 and water, producing glucose and oxygen. Tip: Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
3. In which part of the cell does protein synthesis occur?
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites for translation where mRNA is decoded to form polypeptide chains. Tip: Remember, transcription happens in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm on ribosomes.
4. The enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose is
Explanation: Amylase (salivary or pancreatic) hydrolyzes starch (polysaccharide) to maltose (disaccharide). Tip: Enzymes are specific; match substrate to enzyme.
5. Which blood group is the universal donor?
Explanation: Group O has no A or B antigens, so it doesn’t trigger reactions in other groups. Tip: Universal recipient is AB (has both antigens).
6. The mode of nutrition in fungi is
Explanation: Fungi absorb digested organic matter from dead organisms (saprophytic). Tip: Differentiate from bacteria (also saprophytic but prokaryotic).
7. In genetics, the law of segregation states that
Explanation: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, segregating alleles. Tip: Mendel’s first law; contrasts with law of independent assortment.
8. The part of the flower that develops into fruit is the
Explanation: The ovary contains ovules that develop into seeds, and the ovary wall into fruit after fertilization. Tip: Androecium (stamen) forms pollen.
9. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Explanation: Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake into cells; glucagon raises it. Tip: Produced by pancreas beta cells.
10. The biome with low annual rainfall and short grasses is the
Explanation: Deserts have less than 25cm rainfall, supporting xerophytes and sparse vegetation like short grasses or shrubs. Tip: Compare to savanna (50-150cm).
11. Mitosis results in
Explanation: Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells for growth/repair. Tip: Meiosis for gametes: four haploid cells.
12. The vector for malaria is
Explanation: Female Anopheles transmits Plasmodium parasite. Tip: Life cycle involves sporozoites, merozoites, gametocytes.
13. In a food chain, the organisms that break down dead matter are
Explanation: Bacteria and fungi recycle nutrients. Tip: Energy flow: 10% rule from one trophic level to next.
14. The nephron is the functional unit of the
Explanation: Nephrons filter blood to form urine. Tip: Parts: glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, loop of Henle, collecting duct.
15. Which tissue transports water in plants?
Explanation: Xylem vessels conduct water and minerals upward. Tip: Phloem for sugars; transpiration pull drives xylem flow.
16. The genetic material in viruses is
Explanation: Some viruses (e.g., HIV) are RNA; others (e.g., bacteriophage) DNA. Tip: Viruses are obligate parasites.
17. Osmoregulation in humans is primarily carried out by the
Explanation: Kidneys maintain water and salt balance via ADH and aldosterone. Tip: Dialysis mimics kidney function.
18. The process of gamete formation is called
Explanation: Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half. Tip: Involves two divisions; crossing over for variation.
19. Which gas is essential for cellular respiration?
Explanation: Aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP. Tip: Anaerobic produces lactic acid/ethanol, less ATP.
20. The association between clownfish and sea anemone is
Explanation: Both benefit: fish gets protection, anemone gets food/cleaning. Tip: Mutualism vs. commensalism (one benefits, other unaffected).
21. The vitamin deficiency causing rickets is
Explanation: Vitamin D aids calcium absorption for bone health. Tip: Scurvy (C), night blindness (A), beriberi (B1).
22. In evolution, natural selection acts on
Explanation: Differential survival/reproduction changes allele frequencies in populations. Tip: Darwin’s theory; survival of fittest.
23. The organelle responsible for lipid synthesis is
Explanation: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids/steroids. Tip: Rough ER for proteins.
24. Pollination by wind is called
Explanation: Anemophilous plants have light pollen, feathery stigmas (e.g., grasses). Tip: Entomophily: insects.
25. The pacemaker of the heart is the
Explanation: Sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses. Tip: Conduction path: SA → AV → bundle → Purkinje.
26. Succession starting on bare rock is
Explanation: Xerosere begins in dry areas like rocks, with lichens as pioneers. Tip: Climax community: stable ecosystem.
27. The monomer of proteins is
Explanation: Amino acids link via peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Tip: 20 standard amino acids.
28. In humans, the spinal cord connects to the brain at the
Explanation: Medulla controls involuntary actions; spinal cord enters via foramen magnum. Tip: Reflex arc involves spinal cord.
29. The type of skeleton in earthworms is
Explanation: Coelenterates and annelids use fluid-filled cavity for support/movement. Tip: Contrast with bony endoskeleton in vertebrates.
30. Conservation of natural resources involves
Explanation: Methods: reafforestation, wildlife reserves. Tip: Biodiversity hotspots for priority conservation.
31. The site of gaseous exchange in aquatic insects is
Explanation: Tracheal system with spiracles; aquatic forms use dissolved O2. Tip: Countercurrent flow in fish gills for efficiency.
32. A cross between two heterozygous tall plants yields
Explanation: Tt x Tt = 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt (3:1 phenotypic ratio). Tip: Punnett square for monohybrid cross.
33. The function of red blood cells is to
Explanation: Contain hemoglobin for O2/CO2 transport. Tip: Biconcave shape increases surface area.
34. Transpiration in plants is driven by
Explanation: Water evaporates from leaves, creating tension pulled by cohesion in xylem. Tip: Stomata regulate transpiration.
35. The causative agent of AIDS is
Explanation: HIV (retrovirus) attacks T-cells. Tip: Transmission: blood, sexual, mother-to-child.
36. In ecology, the maximum number of organisms an environment can support is the
Explanation: Limited by resources; J-curve/S-curve growth models. Tip: Factors: food, space, predators.
37. The lens in the eye focuses light by
Explanation: Accommodation changes lens shape for near/far vision. Tip: Myopia: concave lens; hyperopia: convex.
38. Asexual reproduction in yeast occurs by
Explanation: Budding: outgrowth separates to form new individual. Tip: No genetic variation.
39. The hormone that stimulates fruit ripening is
Explanation: Ethylene gas promotes senescence and ripening. Tip: Used in banana storage.
40. The importance of osmosis in plants is to
Explanation: Water enters cells via osmosis, creating turgor pressure for support. Tip: Plasmolysis in hypertonic solution.
Read Also: 20 Most Repeated Topics in JAMB Biology Exams 2026
Conclusion
So here you have the 40 Biology Questions you can expect to see in your 2026 JAMB examination. Read them again and again. Ensure that you get very familiar with each of them to the extent that you can readily recognize them any time. JAMB is a very serious examination and a lot depend on it. You will answer 40 questions in JAMB Biology 2026 within 26 minutes. So it’s important that you pay attention to the information revealed on this page.
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