Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First Term

You’re welcome to our school exams series where we provide you with termly examination questions in different subjects. In today’s post, we will focus on Geography exam questions. We will cover Geography exam questions for SS2 First term with answers. This means that we’ll be providing you with answers to the questions at the end. Also, you will get a few success tips on how to pass Geography examinations with flying colors. Remember to use the comments sections if you have questions, and don’t forget to join our Free Online Tutorial Classes on YouTube. (Subscribe to the Channel)

Introduction to Geography as a School Subject

Before we venture into Past Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First term, here’s a brief introduction to the subject:

Geography is the study of the earth and the relationship between people and their environment. As a school subject, it helps students understand both the physical features of the earth such as landforms, climate, soils, vegetation, and water bodies, and the human activities that take place on it, like farming, industry, trade, and settlement.

It shows how natural features influence human life and how human activities affect the environment. Geögraphy also teaches important skills like map reading, interpretation of data, and observation of the world around us.

Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First Term

Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First Term are divided into two parts:

• Part One
• Part Two

The first part, namely, Part One is the objective test, and students are expected to attempt all questions in the part. Part Two is the theory or essay part, and students are expected to follow specific instruction and answer the required number of questions.

Note that what you have below are SS2 Geography First Term Exam Past Questions made available to assist students in their revision for 1st term examinations and also teachers in structuring standard examinations.

Part One: Objectives

Instruction: Answer all questions in this part by choosing from the options lettered A—D. Each question carries equal marks.

1. Rock particles that fall and gather at the foot of a rock are called ___________.
(a) talus        (b) pieces
(c) dunes      (d) exfoliation

2. Which of the following is not a type of mass movement?
(a) landslide       (b) cakes
(c) mudflow       (d) weathering

3. A place where water is found in the desert is called ___________.
(a) spring       (b) lake
(c) oasis          (d) river

4. Sharp pinnacles that develop in limestone regions are called ___________.
(a) pillars      (b) stalactites
(c) polje        (d) stalagmites

5. Resurgence springs usually occur in ___________ regions.
(a) volcanic      (b) limestone
(c) glacial         (d) desert

6. ___________ acts as a lubricant to mass movement.
(a) gradient     (b) vegetation
(c) water          (d) earthquake

7. The type of chemical weathering that mostly occurs in limestone regions is ___________.
(a) hydration       (b) solution
(c) oxidation        (d) carbonation

8. What is the product of the reaction: CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ → ?
(a) H₂O + CO₂      (b) CaCO₃
(c) Ca(HCO₃)₂       (d) CO₂

9. All the following are types of underground water except ___________.
(a) spring
(b) artesian plain
(c) artesian well
(d) lake

10. A layer of rock that always contains water is called ___________.
(a) aquifer
(b) water table
(c) saturation zone
(d) oasis

11. Which of the following is known for ecclesiastical functions?
(a) Onitsha        (b) Mecca
(c) Paris             (d) London

12. Which of the following criteria is not important in distinguishing between a village and a town?
(a) geographical situation
(b) population size
(c) range of functions
(d) variety of activities

13. If a country has a population of 20,000,000 people and the land area is 1,000,000 km², the population density is ___________.
(a) 20 persons/km²
(b) 12 persons/km²
(c) 15 persons/km²
(d) 30 persons/km²

14. Which of the following is true of inter-community relations?
(a) females migrate to rural areas to give birth
(b) youths migrate to urban areas in search of jobs
(c) immigrants settle in CBDs
(d) city dwellers seek schools for their children in rural areas

15. Which of the following distinguishes heavy industries?
(a) They produce small, high-value goods like microchips and electronics.
(b) They are typically located in residential areas to utilize local labour.
(c) They use large quantities of heavy, bulky raw materials and produce massive products or semi-finished goods.
(d) They require small capital investment and low-skilled labour.

16. Which of the following best explains the high rate of population growth in West Africa?
(a) birth control
(b) government policy
(c) high birth rate and high death rate
(d) high birth rate and declining death rate

17. An effect of rural-urban migration on the sources is ___________.
(a) rural depopulation
(b) urban depopulation
(c) rural employment
(d) rural unemployment

18. The number of people living in a unit area of land is called ___________.
(a) birth rate
(b) death rate
(c) dependency ratio
(d) population density

19. Which of the following features is of volcanic origin?
(a) sill           (b) potholes
(c) dyke        (d) tombolo

20. The feature formed by cooling of molten magma across bedding planes is called ___________.
(a) dyke          (b) laccolith
(c) lopolith      (d) sill

21. Ash and cinder cones are associated with ___________.
(a) ozone depletion
(b) hurricanes
(c) earthquakes
(d) volcanoes

22. Swallow holes and disappearing streams are usually associated with ___________.
(a) limestone
(b) humid regions
(c) rivers
(d) desert regions

23. Which of the following is the smallest form of settlement?
(a) city        (b) village
(c) town      (d) farmstead

24. Which of the following statements best explains why limestone regions are always dry?
(a) they are subject to constant evaporation
(b) there is little rainfall in the area
(c) water penetrates easily through joints
(d) the area has a lot of springs

25. Leatherwork, dyeing, and cloth weaving are examples of ___________ industries.
(a) chemical
(b) factory industries
(c) local craft industries
(d) heavy industries

26. A port that specializes in receiving and distributing goods to nearby countries is called ___________ port.
(a) river            (b) airport
(c) entrepôt     (d) inland port

27. The concentration of industries in a particular area is due to all the following except ___________.
(a) light demand
(b) availability of labour
(c) location of raw materials
(d) presence of infrastructural facilities

28. The instrument used in measuring earthquake shocks is called ___________.
(a) wind vane
(b) seismograph
(c) barometer
(d) thermometer

29. A type of settlement located at a route junction is called ___________.
(a) nodal         (b) nucleated
(c) isolated      (d) linear

30. Life expectancy refers to the average age at which ___________.
(a) people die
(b) people retire
(c) people are born
(d) people migrate

31. An erupting hot spring found in volcanic regions is called ___________.
(a) water         (b) fumarole
(c) solfatara    (d) geyser

32. A volcanic feature formed when the mouth of a volcano is blocked is called ___________.
(a) spine        (b) lava
(c) ash           (d) magma

33. Which of the following is not a type of chemical weathering?
(a) oxidation     (b) carbonation
(c) hydrolysis    (d) exfoliation

34. Which of the following is also known as a stratovolcano?
(a) basic lava cone
(b) ash and cinder cone
(c) acid lava cone
(d) composite cone

35. A country where the population is higher than the natural resources is said to have ___________ population.
(a) over
(b) under
(c) optimum
(d) all of the above

36. Urban settlements depend on rural settlements in all the following ways except ___________.
(a) foodstuff
(b) raw materials
(c) information
(d) medicinal herbs

37. The type of industries involved in the extraction of natural resources is called ___________.
(a) secondary industries
(b) tertiary industries
(c) primary industries
(d) heavy industries

38. Which of the following is not a heavy industry?
(a) car assembly
(b) shipbuilding
(c) rope making
(d) aircraft manufacturing

39. A place where two main rivers meet is called ___________.
(a) delta       (b) confluence
(c) lake         (d) tributary

40. A piece of land completely surrounded by water is called ___________.
(a) peninsula    (b) lake
(c) island          (d) Iceland

41. The upper surface of the zone of saturation is called ___________.
(a) aquifer
(b) water table
(c) artesian basin
(d) spring

42. The instrument used to measure rainfall is called ___________.
(a) thermometer    (b) barometer
(c) rain gauge        (d) hygrometer

43. Which of the following is not a form of precipitation?
(a) hail        (b) dew
(c) fog        (d) thunder

44. The largest type of settlement is ___________.
(a) village   (b) town
(c) city        (d) conurbation

45. Which of the following is an example of renewable natural resources?
(a) coal
(b) petroleum
(c) solar energy
(d) copper

46. Which of the following is not a factor influencing population distribution?
(a) climate
(b) relief
(c) soil fertility
(d) alphabet

47. The process by which rocks are broken down in situ is called ___________.
(a) erosion
(b) deposition
(c) weathering
(d) transportation

48. The slope of a river profile is also called ___________.
(a) gradient
(b) base level
(c) watershed
(d) channel

49. Which of the following is an example of a mechanical weathering process?
(a) exfoliation     (b) carbonation
(c) oxidation       (d) hydrolysis

50. The line separating two river basins is called ___________.
(a) divide
(b) watershed
(c) confluence
(d) distributary

51. Which of the following regions is noted for loess deposits?
(a) China       (b) Sudan
(c) Nigeria     (d) Brazil

52. A fertile area formed at the mouth of a river is called ___________.
(a) levee       (b) delta
(c) lagoon    (d) bar

53. The soil type common in tropical rainforest regions is ___________.
(a) podzol
(b) laterite
(c) tundra soil
(d) sandy soil

54. A line on a map joining places of equal rainfall is called ___________.
(a) isotherm      (b) isohyet
(c) contour        (d) isobar

55. The most important factor in the location of iron and steel industries is ___________.
(a) labour
(b) power supply
(c) raw materials
(d) transport

56. The study of the earth’s surface and human activities on it is called ___________.
(a) geology      (b) geography
(c) sociology    (d) demography

57. Which of the following is a primary economic activity?
(a) banking      (b) farming
(c) trading       (d) transport

58. A natural region where evaporation exceeds precipitation is called ___________.
(a) desert          (b) savanna
(c) rainforest     (d) tundra

59. Which of the following is not a factor of climate?
(a) temperature
(b) rainfall
(c) vegetation
(d) wind

60. A landform created by river erosion in the upper course is called ___________.
(a) delta       (b) gorge
(c) levee       (d) meander

Remember to use the comments sections if you have questions, and don’t forget to join our Free Online Tutorial Classes on YouTube. (Subscribe to the Channel)

Part Two: Theory / Essay

Answer four Questions: Choosing two from each section

Section A: Human Geography

Answer only two questions

1. a. State and explain any four factors that affects the location of industries
b. State any three problems faced by industries in the tropical Africa
c. State any three possible solutions to the problems mentioned above
d. State any four important of industries in your country

2. a. State and explain any five factors that affects the distribution of population
b. State any three factors each that affects birth rate and death rate
c. State any four advantages of a low population

3. a. What is urbanization?
b. State and explain any four factors that affect urbanization
c. State any five problems of urbanization
d. State any three solutions to urbanization

Section B: Physical Geography

Answer only two questions

4. a. Define weathering
b. State any three types of weathering
c. State and explain any three factors that affect the rate of weathering
d. State and explain any three processes of chemical weathering

5. a. State and explain any four characteristics of a Karst region
b. Explain the mode and formation of either stalactite or stalagmite
c. Explain the formation of a pillar
d. Explain any two importance of a Karst region

6. a. Define Volcanicity
b. State any three features each of the intrusive and extrusive features of volcano
c. Explain with examples any three types of volcano

Read Also: Geography Exam Questions for SS2 Third Term

Answers to Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First Term

Answers to Part One (Objective Test)

The following table gives the correct answers to the objective section of Geography exam questions for SS2 First term. If you are using a mobile device, hold the table and scroll to the right or left for a complete view.

So here you have the answers to the objective section of Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First term. Use the comments section to let me know if you have any questions you would want me to clarify or discuss further.

Answers to Part Two (Theory / Essay)

Answers to Section A: Human Geography

1.

a. Four factors that affect the location of industries:

1. Availability of raw materials: Industries are often located close to the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
2. Power supply: Constant electricity or other sources of energy are needed for industrial activities.
3. Market: Industries are usually sited close to areas where their products can be easily sold.
4. Transportation: Good roads, railways, ports, and airports help in moving raw materials and finished products.

b. Three problems faced by industries in tropical Africa:

• Irregular power supply.
• Inadequate capital and shortage of skilled labour.
• Poor transportation and communication systems.

c. Three possible solutions:

• Provision of stable electricity and modern infrastructure.
• Encouraging investment through loans and government support.
• Improved transport and training of skilled manpower.

d. Four importance of industries in my country:

• They create employment opportunities.
• Thëy increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
• They encourage technological development.
• They provide goods and services for local use and export.

2.

a. Five factors that affect the distribution of population:

1. Climate: Extreme cold or hot regions discourage settlement, while moderate climates attract people.
2. Relief: Lowlands and fertile plains are more populated than high mountains and deserts.
3. Soil fertility: Areas with fertile soil support agriculture and attract dense population.
4. Availability of water: Settlements develop around rivers, lakes, and coasts.
5. Economic opportunities: Areas with industries, mining, and trade attract people for jobs.

b. Three factors affecting birth rate:

• Early marriage and cultural practices.
• Low level of education, especially of women.
• Poor family planning awareness.

Three factors affecting death rate:

• Poor medical facilities and lack of healthcare.
• Wars, famine, and natural disasters.
• Poor sanitation and spread of diseases.

c. Four advantages of a low population:

• Less pressure on resources such as food and land.
• Better standard of living for citizens.
• Easy planning of social amenities like schools and hospitals.
• Reduced unemployment and congestion.

3.

a. What is urbanization?

Urbanization is the process by which more people move from rural areas to towns and cities, leading to the growth of urban centres.

b. Four factors that affect urbanization:

1. Industrialization: Industries attract people to cities for employment.
2. Commercial activities: Trade and business opportunities encourage people to settle in towns.
3. Social amenities: Availability of schools, hospitals, and entertainment attracts people to urban centres.
4. Government policies: Establishment of administrative and political capitals can increase urban growth.

c. Five problems of urbanization:

• Overcrowding and housing shortages.
• Traffic congestion and poor transportation.
• Unemployment and poverty.
• Pollution and poor sanitation.
• Increase in crime and social vices.

d. Three solutions to urbanization:

• Provision of affordable housing and better urban planning.
• Development of rural areas to reduce rural-urban migration.
• Improved transport, security, and job opportunities.

Answers to Section B: Physical Geography

4.

a. Define weathering:

Weathering is the breaking down or disintegration of rocks into smaller pieces by physical, chemical, or biological processes without the rocks being moved from their original position.

b. Three types of weathering:

• Physical or Mechanical weathering.
• Chemical weathering.
• Biological weathering.

c. Three factors that affect the rate of weathering:

1. Climate: High temperature and rainfall increase chemical weathering, while dry climates favour mechanical weathering.
2. Rock type: Hard rocks weather more slowly than soft rocks.
3. Vegetation and organisms: Roots of plants and activities of animals can accelerate weathering.

d. Three processes of chemical weathering:

1. Hydrolysis: The reaction between minerals in rocks and water leading to decomposition. Example: feldspar turning into clay.
2. Oxidation: Oxygen combines with minerals (especially iron) in rocks to form oxides, weakening the rocks.
3. Carbonation: Carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater to form weak carbonic acid, which reacts with limestone to form calcium bicarbonate that is easily washed away.

5.

a. Four characteristics of a Karst region:

1. It is usually formed on limestone rocks.
2. It has underground drainage systems such as caves and tunnels.
3. Surface features like sinkholes and dolines are common.
4. It has little or no surface rivers because water sinks underground.

b. Mode and formation of stalactite:

Stalactites are formed when calcium bicarbonate-rich water drips from the roof of a limestone cave. As the water evaporates, calcium carbonate is deposited, hanging like icicles from the ceiling of the cave.

c. Formation of a pillar:

A pillar is formed when stalactites (growing from the ceiling) and stalagmites (growing from the floor) meet and join together, forming a column in the cave.

d. Two importance of a Karst region:

• Karst landscapes attract tourists, thereby generating income.
• Limestone from Karst regions is used in cement and construction industries.

6.

a. Define Volcanicity:

Volcanicity is the process by which molten rock (magma) and gases are forced into the earth’s crust or onto the earth’s surface, leading to the formation of volcanic features.

b. Three intrusive and three extrusive features:

Intrusive features:

• Sills
• Dykes
• Batholiths

Extrusive features:

• Lava flows
• Volcanic cones
• Calderas

c. Three types of volcano with examples:

1. Active volcano: A volcano that erupts from time to time. Example: Mount Etna in Italy.
2. Dormant volcano: A volcano that has not erupted for a long time but may erupt again. Example: Mount Vesuvius in Italy.
3. Extinct volcano: A volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years and is not expected to erupt again. Example: Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.

How to Pass Geography Exam Questions for SS2 First Term

Passing your Geography exam questions for SS2 First term requires a combination of preparation, understanding, and strategy. Here are actionable tips to help you excel:

1. Know the syllabus

Always start with the syllabus. Know the topics set for the term. Focus your study on those topics. Do not waste time on what is not in the syllabus.

2. Use past questions and practice often

Answer past objective and essay questions. Time yourself. Check your answers and learn from mistakes. Doing past questions builds speed and confidence.

3. Master map skills

Practise reading map keys, scales, direction and contours. Learn how to draw simple sketches and label them correctly. Many exam marks come from maps.

4. Learn key terms and definitions

Memorise short, exact definitions for terms like weathering, erosion, karst, aquifer, urbanization, and population density. Exams reward precise answers.

5. Practice diagrams and sketches

Draw clear, labelled diagrams for landforms, drainage patterns, and processes (e.g., river erosion stages, cave features). A neat diagram can earn marks even when words are short.

6. Plan essay answers

Read the question carefully. Jot a quick plan: introduction, main points (with short explanations), and conclusion. Keep points focused and use examples when possible.

7. Manage time during the exam

Divide time between objective and essay sections. Do the objective questions first to secure quick marks. Spend remaining time on essays and long answers.

8. Read questions carefully

Watch for words like “state”, “explain”, “describe” and “compare”. “State” needs short answers. “Explain” needs brief reasons or causes.

9. Work on weak areas

Identify topics you find hard. Spend extra time on them. Ask your teacher or classmates for help. Use simple examples to understand difficult ideas.

10. Keep answers simple and clear

Use short sentences. Number points when possible. Write legibly. Markers like clear structure and neat work.

11. Exam-day checklist

• Arrive early with pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, and approved calculator.
• Read instructions on the question paper.
• Answer the required number of questions only.
• Review your answers if time allows.

It’s a wrap!

If you need more clarification on SS2 First Term Questions on Geography, you can use the comments box below. We’ll be there to answer you asap.

Best wishes.