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Agricultural Science JAMB Questions and Answers 2027

Henry Divine WAEC, NECO, JAMB Questions and Answers Leave a comment

UTME / 2027 JAMB Agricultural Science Examination

Time Allowed: 35 Minutes | 40 Questions

1. Which of the following soil types possesses the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) and water-holding capacity?




Correct Answer: C. Organic clay (Humus-rich clay)

Explanation/Tip: Clay minerals and organic humus carry high negative surface charges that attract and hold exchangeable cations (like Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) as well as water molecules.

2. In livestock nutrition, ruminant animals can digest complex cellulose fiber primarily because of the fermentative activity of microbes located in the:




Correct Answer: B. Rumen and Reticulum

Explanation/Tip: The rumen and reticulum harbor large populations of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and fungi that secrete cellulase enzymes to ferment cellulose into volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

3. A farmer applied 200 kg of a compound fertilizer labeled N.P.K. 15-15-15 to a maize field. What actual mass of elemental Nitrogen (N) was supplied to the field?




Correct Answer: B. 30 kg

Explanation/Tip: The N.P.K. ratio 15-15-15 means the fertilizer contains 15% N by weight. Mass of N = 15% of 200 kg = (15 / 100) × 200 = 30 kg.

4. Which of the following crop diseases is caused by a virus and transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)?




Correct Answer: A. Cassava mosaic disease

Explanation/Tip: Cassava Mosaic Virus (CMV) is transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. Groundnut rosette is transmitted by aphids, and black pod is fungal (Phytophthora).

5. The law of diminishing returns in agricultural production states that as extra units of a variable input are added to fixed inputs:




Correct Answer: B. Marginal product eventually begins to decline

Explanation/Tip: Beyond a certain point of variable input application (e.g., fertilizer or labor), each additional unit added yields smaller increments of total output (declining marginal product).

6. In poultry management, the practice of removing the upper part of a bird’s beak to prevent cannibalism and egg eating is known as:




Correct Answer: B. Debeaking (Beak trimming)

Explanation/Tip: Debeaking reduces feather pecking, cannibalism, and egg breakage in commercial poultry flocks.

7. Which of the following implements is a primary tillage machine used to break virgin soil and invert soil slices?




Correct Answer: B. Moldboard plow

Explanation/Tip: Moldboard plows (and disc plows) are primary tillage tools designed to cut, lift, turn, and invert heavy soil slices. Harrows and cultivators are secondary tillage tools.

8. The process by which nitrogen gas in soil pores is converted directly into ammonia by free-living soil bacteria such as Azotobacter is called:




Correct Answer: B. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation

Explanation/Tip: Free-living (non-symbiotic) bacteria like Azotobacter and Clostridium fix atmospheric nitrogen independently in soil, unlike Rhizobium which forms symbiotic root nodules.

9. High soil acidity (low pH below 5.0) limits crop growth primarily because it leads to toxicity of which elements?




Correct Answer: B. Aluminum and Manganese

Explanation/Tip: Under strongly acid soil conditions, soluble aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) reach toxic levels that stunt root development and inhibit water/nutrient uptake.

10. In cattle breeding, the period during which a female animal is sexually receptive to a male and ready for mating is referred to as:




Correct Answer: B. Estrus (Heat) period

Explanation/Tip: Estrus (heat) is the period of sexual receptivity triggered by elevated estrogen levels preceding ovulation.

11. Which of the following artificial propagation methods involves uniting a rootstock with a scion from two separate plants?




Correct Answer: B. Grafting

Explanation/Tip: Grafting joins a shoots section (scion) containing desirable fruiting buds onto an established root system (rootstock).

12. A farm asset that loses value over time due to wear, tear, and obsolescence is accounted for in financial records using:




Correct Answer: B. Depreciation

Explanation/Tip: Depreciation calculates the annual loss in economic value of capital assets (machinery, buildings, equipment) over their useful lifespan.

13. Which of the following micro-nutrients is essential for chlorophyll formation and nitrogen fixation in leguminous crops?




Correct Answer: A. Molybdenum

Explanation/Tip: Molybdenum (Mo) is a key micronutrient constituent of the nitrogenase enzyme required by Rhizobium for biological nitrogen fixation.

14. Viral diseases in farm animals are particularly difficult to treat compared to bacterial infections because viruses:




Correct Answer: B. Multiply obligately inside host living cells

Explanation/Tip: Viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack host cell machinery; antibiotics target bacterial cell structures and are completely ineffective against viruses.

15. A soil conservation method that involves planting alternating strips of dense cover crops and cultivated row crops across a slope is called:




Correct Answer: B. Strip cropping

Explanation/Tip: Strip cropping alternates erosion-prone crops (like maize) with close-growing cover crops (like cowpea or grasses) to break surface runoff velocity.

16. The process of removing unthrifty, diseased, low-producing, or non-laying animals from a livestock herd is known as:




Correct Answer: B. Culling

Explanation/Tip: Culling eliminates unproductive livestock to optimize feed efficiency, reduce disease transmission, and improve overall herd profitability.

17. Which of the following insecticides works by being absorbed into the plant sap and ingested by sap-sucking insects like aphids and whiteflies?




Correct Answer: B. Systemic insecticide

Explanation/Tip: Systemic insecticides are translocated through vascular tissues of plants, killing sucking pests that feed on internal plant fluids.

18. What is the primary cause of bloat (tympany) in grazing ruminant animals?




Correct Answer: B. Rapid consumption of lush, young leguminous pasture high in soluble proteins

Explanation/Tip: Fresh legumes (like clover or alfalfa) create stable gas foam in the rumen, preventing normal eructation (belching) and leading to abdominal distension.

19. Which of the following is a symptom of nitrogen deficiency in cereal crops such as maize?




Correct Answer: B. V-shaped yellowing (chlorosis) starting at tips of older leaves

Explanation/Tip: Nitrogen is mobile in plants; deficiency symptoms appear first on older lower leaves as inverted V-shaped yellowing along the midrib.

20. In fish farming (aquaculture), the rapid growth of algae caused by excessive nutrient runoff (fertilizer wash-off) is called:




Correct Answer: B. Eutrophication

Explanation/Tip: Excess nitrates and phosphates cause algal blooms. As dead algae decompose, microbial respiration depletes dissolved oxygen, leading to fish kills.

21. Which land tenure system in Nigeria involves land being held in trust by the State Governor for the benefit of all citizens?




Correct Answer: B. Land Use Act (Land Use Decree of 1978)

Explanation/Tip: The Land Use Act of 1978 vested all urban and rural land within a state in the State Governor to hold in trust and grant Certificates of Occupancy (C of O).

22. The hormone responsible for milk ejection (“let-down”) in lactating dairy cows in response to suckling or washing of the udder is:




Correct Answer: B. Oxytocin

Explanation/Tip: Oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary triggers myoepithelial cell contraction around alveoli for milk drop-down. Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis.

23. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a monopsony market structure in agricultural marketing?




Correct Answer: B. Single buyer and many sellers

Explanation/Tip: A monopsony occurs when there is only one dominant buyer (e.g., a state marketing board) purchasing from numerous farm producers.

24. Which parasitic disease of sheep and goats is caused by Fasciola hepatica and uses freshwater snails (Lymnaea spp.) as intermediate hosts?




Correct Answer: B. Fascioliasis (Liver fluke disease)

Explanation/Tip: Liver fluke (Fasciola) requires mud/water snails (Lymnaea) to complete larval development before metacercariae encyst on pasture grasses.

25. What is the seed rate required to plant a 2-hectare farm if the recommended seed rate is 25 kg per hectare?




Correct Answer: C. 50.0 kg

Explanation/Tip: Total seed required = Area × Seed rate per hectare = 2 ha × 25 kg/ha = 50 kg.

26. Which tractor component transmits power from the engine to rear wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds when turning corners?




Correct Answer: B. Differential gear

Explanation/Tip: The differential unit permits outer drive wheels to turn faster than inner drive wheels during sharp turns without slipping or stalling.

27. The bacterial disease of poultry characterized by whitish diarrhea, high mortality in chicks, and caused by Salmonella pullorum is:




Correct Answer: B. Pullorum disease (Bacillary White Diarrhea)

Explanation/Tip: Pullorum disease is an egg-transmitted bacterial infection causing chalky white diarrhea in young chicks.

28. Forest trees planted primarily around farm boundaries to reduce wind speed, limit evaporation, and protect crops are called:




Correct Answer: A. Shelterbelts / Windbreaks

Explanation/Tip: Shelterbelts are rows of trees planted perpendicular to prevailing winds to protect crops and topsoil from wind erosion.

29. Which agricultural extension teaching method involves demonstrating a new technology step-by-step to farmers so they can learn by doing?




Correct Answer: B. Method demonstration

Explanation/Tip: Method demonstration teaches “how to do” a specific skill (e.g., seed treatment or sprayer calibration). Result demonstration shows “why” by comparing yields over time.

30. What is the main disadvantage of inbreeding (mating closely related animals) over several generations in livestock?




Correct Answer: B. Expression of undesirable recessive genes and reduced fertility

Explanation/Tip: Continuous inbreeding leads to inbreeding depression, exposing harmful homozygous recessive alleles that impair growth, vigor, and reproductive performance.

31. In soil water classification, water held tightly around soil particles by molecular forces that is completely unavailable to plant roots is called:




Correct Answer: C. Hygroscopic water

Explanation/Tip: Hygroscopic water forms a thin film around soil colloids held at high suction pressures (>31 atmospheres), making it impossible for roots to absorb.

32. Which of the following is an example of an endoparasite in farm animals?




Correct Answer: C. Roundworm (Ascaris)

Explanation/Tip: Endoparasites live inside the host’s body (gut, lungs, blood). Ticks, lice, and mites are ectoparasites living on external skin surfaces.

33. The system of forestry where land is cleared for agricultural crops alongside tree seedlings, and farmers vacate when tree canopies close, is called the:




Correct Answer: B. Taungya system

Explanation/Tip: The Taungya system integrates food crop farming with tree plantation establishment during the early growth stages of forest trees.

34. Which of the following crop processing operations is performed to reduce grain moisture content to safe storage levels (around 12-14%)?




Correct Answer: C. Drying

Explanation/Tip: Drying lowers moisture content to prevent fungal/mold growth (like aflatoxins) and insect damage during grain storage.

35. In farm management, an example of a variable cost in maize production is:




Correct Answer: A. Purchase of seeds and fertilizer

Explanation/Tip: Variable costs change directly with output levels (e.g., seeds, fertilizers, fuel). Fixed costs (rent, insurance, depreciation) remain constant regardless of output.

36. Which of the following is a non-parasitic weed species known for its difficult eradication due to extensive underground rhizomes?




Correct Answer: B. Imperata cylindrica (Spear grass)

Explanation/Tip: Spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) propagates via deep, sharp underground rhizomes. Striga and Dodder are parasitic weeds.

37. The agricultural practice of planting two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land without distinct row arrangements is called:




Correct Answer: B. Mixed cropping

Explanation/Tip: Mixed cropping grows multiple crops together on one field. Mixed farming integrates livestock rearing with crop production.

38. Which organ in laying hens is responsible for the formation of the eggshell?




Correct Answer: D. Uterus (Shell gland)

Explanation/Tip: The uterus (shell gland) deposits calcium carbonate to form the hard outer shell over ~20 hours. Magnum secretes thick albumen; Isthmus forms shell membranes.

39. The ratio of total volume of pore space to total bulk volume of a soil sample expressed as a percentage is known as soil:




Correct Answer: C. Porosity

Explanation/Tip: Soil porosity determines aeration and water movement; calculated as % Porosity = [1 – (Bulk Density / Particle Density)] × 100.

40. A disease of farm animals characterized by sudden high fever, blood oozing from natural body openings that does not clot, and caused by Bacillus anthracis is:




Correct Answer: B. Anthrax

Explanation/Tip: Anthrax is a severe bacterial zoonosis causing sudden death with dark, unclotted blood discharging from nostrils, mouth, and anus.



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Henry Divine is a passionate educator and seasoned blogger with a strong commitment to providing valuable insights and resources to the education community.With over 6 years of experience in the field, Henry's articles are well-researched, authoritative, and tailored to meet the needs of teachers, students, and parents alike.Through his blog, Henry aims to empower readers with practical tips, innovative strategies, and evidence-based practices to foster lifelong learning and academic success.Follow Henry for the latest updates and expert advice on all things education.

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