Geography JAMB Questions and Answers 2027

Correct Answer: B. A steep slope or cliff

Explanation/Tip: The closer contour lines are to one another, the steeper the gradient of the land surface; widely spaced lines indicate a gentle slope.

Correct Answer: B. The rotation of the earth on its axis from west to east

Explanation/Tip: Earth rotates from west to east, which makes celestial bodies appear to move across the sky from east to west.

Correct Answer: C. Igneous rocks

Explanation/Tip: Igneous rocks (such as granite and basalt) are primary rocks formed when molten rock cools either beneath the earth’s surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive).

Correct Answer: B. Physical or mechanical weathering

Explanation/Tip: Physical weathering (such as exfoliation or block disintegration) breaks rocks apart mechanically through thermal expansion and contraction.

Correct Answer: C. Lower course (plain stage)

Explanation/Tip: In the lower course, meandering rivers erode outer banks and deposit sediments on inner banks until a loop is cut off, forming a crescent-shaped ox-bow lake.

Correct Answer: B. Troposphere

Explanation/Tip: The troposphere contains approximately 75-90 percent of atmospheric water vapor and air mass, making it the zone where clouds, rain, and winds form.

Correct Answer: C. Solution (carbonation) by groundwater

Explanation/Tip: Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide to form weak carbonic acid, which chemically dissolves soluble limestone rocks to create karst features.

Correct Answer: A. Compression forces acting on sedimentary rock strata

Explanation/Tip: When tectonic plates collide, compressional forces buckle sedimentary layers into upward arches (anticlines) and downward troughs (synclines).

Correct Answer: C. Barometer

Explanation/Tip: A barometer (such as mercury or aneroid barometer) measures atmospheric pressure in millibars or inches of mercury.

Correct Answer: B. The Coriolis effect resulting from earth rotation

Explanation/Tip: The rotation of the earth produces the Coriolis force, which deflects moving fluids like winds and ocean currents.

Correct Answer: B. Tall broad-leaved evergreen trees arranged in multiple canopy layers

Explanation/Tip: Rainforests thrive in equatorial climates with high annual rainfall and temperatures, featuring multilayered canopies and rich biodiversity.

Correct Answer: B. Total population by total land area

Explanation/Tip: Population density measures the concentration of inhabitants in a given area, usually expressed as persons per square kilometer.

Correct Answer: B. Nucleated (or clustered) settlement

Explanation/Tip: Nucleated settlements form when buildings are grouped tightly together due to shared resources, defense needs, or commercial hubs.

Correct Answer: C. Cocoa

Explanation/Tip: Western Nigeria (Oyo, Ondo, Ogun, Osun states) provides ideal forest soils and humid tropical climate conditions for large-scale cocoa cultivation.

Correct Answer: B. River Niger and River Benue

Explanation/Tip: Major HEP dams in Nigeria, such as Kainji, Jebba, and Shiroro, are constructed along the River Niger and its tributaries.

Correct Answer: B. Petroleum (Crude Oil)

Explanation/Tip: Crude oil was first discovered in commercial quantities at Oloibiri in 1956, forming the cornerstone of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings.

Correct Answer: A. Seasonal migration of pastoralists and livestock between lowland and highland pastures

Explanation/Tip: Pastoralists practice transhumance, moving herds southward during dry seasons and northward during rainy seasons for pasture and water.

Correct Answer: B. The point on the earth surface directly above the focus

Explanation/Tip: Seismic energy originates at the focus (hypocenter) below ground, and the epicenter is the corresponding point directly above it on the earth surface.

Correct Answer: C. Isobars

Explanation/Tip: Isobars represent lines of equal atmospheric pressure, while isotherms connect equal temperatures and isohyets connect equal rainfall amounts.

Correct Answer: B. Tropical equatorial (rainforest) climate

Explanation/Tip: Southern Nigeria experiences high annual temperatures, heavy rainfall, and double rainfall maxima influenced by maritime tropical air masses.

Correct Answer: B. Overgrazing, deforestation, and climate variability

Explanation/Tip: Human pressures like overgrazing, tree felling for firewood, and prolonged droughts accelerate the encroachment of desert conditions southward.

Correct Answer: B. Greenwich, London, United Kingdom

Explanation/Tip: The Prime Meridian (0 degrees longitude) passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, serving as the baseline for global time zones.

Correct Answer: B. Niger Delta

Explanation/Tip: The Niger River splits into numerous distributaries as it enters the Atlantic Ocean, creating one of the world’s largest arcuate deltas.

Correct Answer: B. Clayey soil

Explanation/Tip: Clay soils have fine particles with very low permeability, retaining standing water efficiently, which is ideal for flooded paddy rice farming.

Correct Answer: B. The progressive increase in the proportion of a population living in towns and cities

Explanation/Tip: Urbanization is driven by rural-urban migration and natural growth of city populations, transforming rural landscapes into urban centers.

Correct Answer: B. South-West Monsoon Wind

Explanation/Tip: The moisture-laden South-West wind blows from the Atlantic Ocean into West Africa, bringing the rainy season, while the dry North-East wind brings Harmattan.

Correct Answer: B. 1 unit on the map represents 50,000 similar units on the ground

Explanation/Tip: RF is a unitless ratio scale where numerator and denominator use the same unit (e.g., 1 cm on map = 50,000 cm or 0.5 km on ground).

Correct Answer: C. Timber / Forests

Explanation/Tip: Forests and timber are renewable resources because they can regenerate naturally or through replanting, unlike exhaustible mineral reserves.

Correct Answer: B. Psychrometer (Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer)

Explanation/Tip: A hygrometer utilizes wet and dry bulb thermometers to calculate moisture content and relative humidity in the air.

Correct Answer: C. Barchans (Sand dunes)

Explanation/Tip: Barchans are crescent-shaped sand dunes formed by wind deposition in deserts; zeugen and yardangs are wind erosion features.

Correct Answer: B. Limestone deposits

Explanation/Tip: Cement is weight-losing in production, requiring massive quantities of bulky raw limestone, so plants are sited directly at quarry sites (e.g., Ewekoro, Okpella, Gboko).

Correct Answer: C. 1 hour

Explanation/Tip: Earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, meaning it rotates 15 degrees every 1 hour (360 / 24 = 15; 60 minutes / 15 = 4 minutes per degree).

Correct Answer: B. Over-reliance on rainfall (rain-fed agriculture) and crude tools

Explanation/Tip: Subsistence farming in Africa relies heavily on seasonal rainfall and hand hoes rather than irrigation systems and mechanization.

Correct Answer: B. Equatorial and tropical regions

Explanation/Tip: Intense solar heating causes rapid evaporation and upward convection currents, resulting in afternoon thunderstorms characteristic of equatorial zones.

Correct Answer: B. Promote regional economic integration, free movement, and cooperation

Explanation/Tip: Founded in 1975, ECOWAS fosters economic integration, trade liberalization, and peaceful cooperation among West African nations.

Correct Answer: B. The moon comes directly between the sun and the earth

Explanation/Tip: A solar eclipse happens during a new moon when the moon blocks sunlight from reaching parts of the earth.

Correct Answer: B. Horizon B (Subsoil)

Explanation/Tip: Horizon B is the zone of illuviation where minerals, clay, and iron oxides leached from the topsoil accumulate.

Correct Answer: B. Ajaokuta

Explanation/Tip: Ajaokuta in Kogi State was strategically planned as the hub for Nigeria’s iron and steel complex due to proximity to iron ore and coal deposits.

Correct Answer: A. 4 degrees North and 14 degrees North

Explanation/Tip: Nigeria lies entirely within the tropical northern hemisphere between latitudes 4 degrees N and 14 degrees N, and longitudes 2 degrees E and 15 degrees E.

Correct Answer: C. Insequent or discordant stream (such as antecedent or superimposed)

Explanation/Tip: Discordant or insequent drainage patterns do not correlate directly with present regional topography or underlying rock structures.